DIABETES
Diabetes
is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose
and either insufficient or ineffective insulin.5.9% of the population
in the United States has diabetes, and diabetes is the seventh
leading cause of death in our country. Diabetes is a chronic disease
without a cure, however, with proper management and treatment,
diabetics can live a normal, healthy lives.
INSULIN
The
primary role of insulin is to control the transport of glucose from
the bloodstream into the cells.
ITS TYPES:
- TYPE 1-With Type I diabetes, the deficiency of insulin is due to a decline in the number of beta cells the pancreas contains. In most people with Type I diabetes, the immune system makes a mistake, attacking the beta cells and causing them to die.
- TYPE2- With Type II diabetes, glucose builds up in the blood – not because not enough insulin is present, but probably because cells lose their insulin receptors and become less sensitive to insulin. Type II diabetes usually (though not always) occurs in individuals who are over 40 years of age who are overweight.
BLOOD PRESSURE
Blood pressure
is a kind of chronic diseases which adversely affect the people nowadays. BP is the force of the blood pushing against
the walls of the arteries. A
blood pressure of 140/90 or higher is considered high blood pressure.
Both numbers are important. If one or both numbers are usually high,
you have high blood pressure.
- The
top (first) number is the systolic pressure.-
This
is the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts.
- The
bottom (second) number is the diastolic pressure.-
This
is the pressure in the arteries when the heart rests between each
heartbeat.
CHOLESTROL
Cholesterol
is a type of fat
found
in your blood. Your
liver makes cholesterol for your body. You also can get cholesterol
from the foods you eat. Meat, fish, eggs, butter, cheese, and whole
or low-fat milk all have cholesterol in them. It moves around in your blood and can get into the walls of the blood
vessels and remain there. A lot can collect in the blood vessel walls, which causing
these "pipes" to become narrower, If you have too much cholesterol in your
bloodstream.This can clog the blood
vessels and keep blood from moving freely the way it's supposed to.
TYPES OF CHOLESTEROL
LDL
(low-density lipo protein) cholesterol- LDL carries the cholesterol
away from the liver into the bloodstream, where it can stick to the
blood vessels.
HDL
(high-density lipo protein) cholesterol- On the
other hand, carries the cholesterol back to the liver where it is
broken down.
Osteoarthritis
Arthritis
means inflammation of the joints. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most
common form of arthritis in the UK. OA mainly affects the joint
cartilage and the bone tissue next to the cartilage.
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR OS:
- Age. OA becomes more common with increasing age. It may be that the state of the blood supply to the joint and the state of the natural repair mechanisms become less efficient in some people as they age.
- Genetics. There may be some inherited tendency for OA to develop in some people.
- Obesity. Knee and hip OA are more likely to develop, or be more severe, in obese people. This is because there is an increased load on the joints and a potential for more joint damage.
- Your sex. Women are more likely to develop OA than men.
- Previous joint injury, damage or deformity. For example, this may include previous joint infection, a previous break (fracture) in the bone around a joint, or a previous ligament injury that caused a joint instability.
Varicose veins
In Varicose
veins the veins which are under the skin of the legs, Have become
widened, bulging, and twisted. They are very common and do not cause
medical problems in most people. There are two main systems of veins
in the legs:
- Deep veins: The deep veins get squeeze during walking, carrying most of the blood back up the legs to the heart.
- Superficial veins: These occur under the skin which are less important and can form varicose veins.
SYMPTOMS
- Aching, discomfort and heaviness of the legs, which are usually worse at the end of the day.
- Ankle get swell.
PCOD (in ladies)
Polycystic
ovary syndrome is a problem with a women's hormone which are out of
balance .It
can cause problems with your periods and make it difficult to get
pregnant. PCOS also may cause unwanted changes in the way you look.
If it isn't treated, over time it can lead to serious health
problems, such as diabetes and heart disease.
Cancer
Cancer
is when abnormal cells divide in an uncontrolled way. Some cancers
may eventually spread into other tissues.
HOW DOES CANCER GROWS
Cancer
starts when gene changes make one cell or a few cells begin to grow
and multiply too much. This may cause a growth called a tumour.
HOW IT IS TREATED
Cancer
treatment depends on the type of cancer, the stage of the cancer (how
much it has spread), age, health status, and additional personal
characteristics. There is no single treatment for cancer, and
patients often receive a combination of therapies and palliative
care. Treatments usually fall into one of the following categories:
surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immuno therapy, hormone therapy, or
gene therapy.
